Synthetic division is a kind of shortcut method to polynomial division. This method is only applicable when the divisor is in the form of x -r. What this means is that for this more efficent method of division to work, you need to be dividing by x - some number, it can't x squared or anything beyond x more than a binomial. However, it is still super useful to check for the zeros of a polynomial.
Check out this Khan Academy Video on how this works if you need help. But we also try to explain our work thouroughly here.