What we are talking mostly has to do with prime factorization. We will run a program using a list of over 250,000 prime numbers to disover the prime factorization. From this, we can discover the number of factors your number has, the actual factors, etc.
Additionally, we will give you your number in the form of a * b!, where ! means factorial meaning b * (b-1) * (b - 2)...
And lastly we will provide you with basic information that a calculator might give, square root, cube root, etc.
If you do not know how to find the prime factorization of a number, we encourage you to watch the Khan Academy Video below